Reverse DNS (rDNS) is the process of resolving an IP address back to a domain name. It is the mirror image of the DNS lookups most people know: forward DNS translates a name like mail.example.com into an IP address, while reverse DNS translates an IP address back into a name. The record type that stores this answer is called a PTR record. For most of the Internet’s history, reverseRead more
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is the routing protocol that connects independent networks across the Internet. It allows networks to announce which IP address blocks they can reach, and it lets every other network decide how to send traffic toward those blocks. Without BGP, an IPv4 address can be registered, allocated, or leased — but no one on the Internet would know how to reach it. For businesses, this distinctionRead more
DDoS mitigation is the set of techniques used to keep services online during a distributed denial-of-service attack — by absorbing, diverting, filtering, or discarding attack traffic before it overwhelms the target. Detection tells you an attack is happening; mitigation is what keeps customers connected while it does. Most explanations of DDoS focus on the attack side: the types, the botnets, the traffic volumes. We cover that ground in ourRead more
IPv4 Planning for AI Infrastructure and GPU Cloud Providers AI infrastructure planning often begins with GPUs. Operators compare accelerator models, cluster size, power density, cooling, storage throughput, interconnect performance, and data-center capacity. These decisions are essential, but they do not complete the infrastructure plan. A GPU cloud also needs a reliable addressing strategy. Customers must reach inference APIs, training environments, management portals, gateways, storage services, observability platforms, VPN endpoints,Read more
Transferring IPv4 address space is not only a commercial and registry process. It is also a sensitive routing operation. During an IPv4 transfer, control of a prefix moves from one organization to another. Registry records, Route Origin Authorizations, Internet Routing Registry objects, upstream-provider filters, reverse DNS settings, and live BGP announcements may all need to change. When these changes are completed in the wrong order—or when identity and authorizationRead more